Positive Psychology, Psychotherapy & Cognitive Behavioral Sciences

Behavioral science is the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through controlled and naturalistic observation and disciplined Scientific Computing. It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. Examples of behavioural sciences include psychology, psychobiology, criminology, sociology and cognitive science. A theorist that contributed a theory to behavioral science is Ivan P. Pavlov. He was a Russian psychologist born in 1849. In 1883, he acquired a medical degree from the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy.

Cognitive Therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and deal with the problems. Cognitive therapy helps the patient learn effective self-help skills that are used in homework assignments that help mental people to change their way of thinking. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is action-oriented, rational, practical and helps the patient gain independence and effectiveness in dealing with real-life issues. It is a short-term focused psychotherapy for a wide range of psychological problems including anger, marital conflict, depression, anxiety, panic, substance abuse, alcohol abuse, dependence, fears, loneliness, eating disorders, and personality problems.

Psychiatric disorder is psychological syndrome or behavioural pattern that causes either suffering or a poor ability to function in ordinary life which occurs in an individual, and shows symptoms of distress via a painful symptom or increases the risk of death or disability. There are many different categories of psychiatric disorder, and relatively many different faces of human behaviour. Some of the important psychiatry diseases are included in the session by which majority of population suffering from. In a given year, Approximately about 20.9 million American adults aged 18 and older have a mood disorder; More than 90% of people who kill themselves have a diagnosed with psychiatry; about 1.1% of the population age 18 and older have schizophrenia; nearly 40 million adults aged 18 and older have an anxiety disorder; nearly 2.2 million adults age 18 and older have OCD;  about 2.7% of people have panic disorder; and nearly 7.7, 6.8, 15 million adults are suffering million from PTSD, GAD & social phobia respectively.

A mental illness is a condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling or mood. Such conditions may affect someone's ability to relate to others and function each day. Each person will have different experiences, even people with the same diagnosis. Recovery, including meaningful roles in social life, school and work, is possible, especially when you start treatment early and play a strong role in your own recovery process. A mental health condition isn’t the result of one event. Research suggests multiple, linking causes. Genetics, environment and lifestyle influence whether someone develops a mental health condition.

It focus on childhood anxiety and depression provide an overview of the effectiveness of treatment and prevention programmes. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for adolescents and children usually are short-term treatments that focus on teaching young people and their parents about specific skills. With children adolescent’s cognitive therapy is focused on breaking the circle at the thought phase. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is different from many other therapy approaches by focusing on the ways that a person's cognitions, behaviors and psychological emotions, are connected and how they affect one another. Having the child focus on their thoughts and bringing that step in the cycle come more under their control can help them to see the fallacies in the thoughts and thus repair their behavior to the virtual reality of the situation rather than continue in the avoidance behaviors that are not appropriate.

Neurocognitive disorders include delirium, mild cognitive impairment and dementia which are characterized by decline from an attained level of cognitive functioning. The disorders have diverse clinical characteristics and a etiologies, with Alzheimer disease, front temporal degeneration, cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, traumatic brain injury, infections, and alcohol abuse showing common causes. A neurocognitive deficit is a reduction or impairment of cognitive function, but mainly when physical changes can be seen to have occurred in brain, such as after neurological and mental illness, drug use, or brain injury. Clinical neuropsychologist use neuropsychological tests to detect and understand such deficits and may be involved in the rehabilitation of an affected person. This discipline that studies neurocognitive deficits to infer normal psychological function is known as cognitive neuropsychology.

There is substantial clinical need to recognize the individuals who need care for cognitive issues that go beyond normal aging. These problems are noticeable, but clinicians have lacked a reliable diagnosis by which to assess symptoms the most proper treatment or services. Recent studies suggest that identifying mild neurocognitive disorders in the early stages itself may allow interventions to be more effective. Early intervention efforts may enable the use of treatments that are ineffective at more severe levels of impairment and may prevent or slow progression. Researchers will analyze how well the new diagnostic criteria address the depressive symptoms, as well as potential therapies like educational or brain stimulation.

Cognitive neuropsychology is a branch of cognitive psychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to specific psychological processes. Cognitive neuropsychology is a branch of cognitive psychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to specific psychological processes. Cognitive psychology is the science that looks at how the brain's mental processes are responsible for our cognitive abilities to store and produce new memories, produce language, recognize people and objects, as well as our ability to reason and problem solve. Cognitive neuropsychology places a particular emphasis on studying the cognitive effects of brain injury or neurological disorders with a view to inferring models of normal cognitive functioning. Evidence is based on case studies of individual brain damaged patients who show deficits in brain areas and from patients who exhibit double dissociations.

Counseling Psychology maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. The specialty pays particular attention to vocational, developmental educational, emotional, social, health-related, and organizational concerns. The practice of Psychology help psychiatric people to improve their, alleviate distress, well-being, resolve crises, maladjustment, and increase their ability to function better in their lives. It is also one of the largest specialty areas within psychology. Counseling psychology focuses on providing therapeutic treatments to clients who experience a wide variety of symptoms. With its attention to both to normal developmental issues and problems associated with mental health, physical, and emotional the specialization holds a unique perspective in the broader practice-based areas of psychology.

The recent recognition of the global importance of mental health disorders has put psychiatry firmly on the international health agenda. The World Health Organization has estimated that neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide account for 12.7% of the global burden of disease. Major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, and obsessive compulsive disorder account for five of the 10 leading causes of disability in low and middle income countries. In high income countries, dementia is the third most common neuropsychiatric disorder. Most treatment methods for mental health disorders can be categorized as either somatic psychotherapeutic. Somatic treatments include drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, and other therapies that stimulate the brain transcranial. Psychotherapeutic treatments include psychotherapy, behavior therapy techniques and hypnotherapy.

Psychiatric nursing or mental health nursing is the specialty of nursing that cares for people of all ages with mental illness or mental distress, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression or dementia. Psychiatric mental health registered nurses work with individuals, families, groups, and communities, assessing their mental health needs. The PMHN develops a nursing diagnosis and plan of care, implements the nursing process, and evaluates it for effectiveness.

The main role of Couple therapy is to restore better level of functioning in couples who experience relationship distress. Couple therapy is a special type of psychotherapy which is used to develop harmony among couple. Cognitive therapy educates the couples and increases awareness between the couple. Emotional distress in couple is due to negative cognitive appraisals and inappropriate information processing. Couple therapy  attempts to discover the negative types of thinking that drive negative behaviors and tries to impact these negative thoughts.

The recent recognition of the global importance of mental health disorders has put psychiatry firmly on the international health agenda. The World Health Organization has estimated that neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide account for 12.7% of the global burden of disease. Major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcohol misuse, and obsessive compulsive disorder account for five of the 10 leading causes of disability in low and middle income countries. In high income countries, dementia is the third most common neurocognitive disorder. Most treatment methods for mental health disorders can be categorized as either somatic psychotherapeutic. Somatic treatments include drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, and other therapies that stimulate the brain transcranial. Psychotherapeutic treatments include psychotherapy, behavior therapy techniques and hypnotherapy.

A Psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry & mental health, including a substance use disorder which is to say in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, unlike psychologists, and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental illness, or a strictly psychiatric one. As part of the clinical assessment process they may employ a mental status examination, a physical examination, brain imaging such as computerized tomography (CT/CAT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and blood testing. A Psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes. Psychologists are generally described as being either "applied" or "research-orientated. Psychologists aim to reduce the emotional distress and improve the psychological wellbeing of their clients. They use psychological methods and research to make positive changes to their clients' lives and offer various forms of treatment. A Psychotherapist interacts with patients to initiate change in the patient's thoughts, feelings, and behavior through adaptation. Psychotherapists provide treatment in individual and group settings. They work with individuals, couples, families and groups to help them overcome a range of psychological and emotional issues. They work with clients of all ages who have a variety of different mental or physical health issues.